박대원

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 441-448, 2002

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이대인 Dae In Lee , 박청길 Chung Kil Park

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 449-460, 2002

Water pollution control of the estuary of the Nakdong rivet has been important problems for water quality management of the Busan coastal area. In order to achieve the objectives, this study was performed. Chlorophyll a was over 10㎍/L that eutrophication index and COD exceeded the third class of seawater quality criteria, and DIN and DIP concentrations showed hypertrophic states under pollutant loads during the winter season. The effluents of the Nakdong river and sewage treatment plant were the main point sources of the study area; the discharges of the former and the latter were 8,840,192㎡/day and 302,493㎡/day, respectively. Therefore water quality was subject to the input loads of the Nakdong river. As the result of salinity diffusion using the hydrodynamic model, the effluent of the Nakdong river had influence on shrinking and extension of the salinity front and distribution of materials, To satisfy the water quality criteria, that is, below the 3mg/L of COD, it was estimated by the ecosystem model that pollutant concentrations of the effluent of the Nakdong river should be reduced by over 85%.

이석헌 Seock Heon Lee , 김종석 Jong Seok Kim , 안규홍 Kyu Hong Ahn

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 461-470, 2002

The fluorescence excitation-emmission matrix (FEEM) of domestic waste water, treated effluent of waste water treatment plant, and receiving river water was analyzed to select wavelengths for the monitoring of organic contents as COD. 220 nm/350 nm and 270 nm/350 nm of excitation/emission wavelength for protein-like fluorescence and 240 mm/450 nm and 340 nm/450 nm for humic acid-like fluorescence were suggested as fluorescence peak emitting wavelength pairs, respectively. Without any pre-treatment, protein-like fluorescence peak showed better correlations between COD values and fluorescence intensities than humic acid-like fluorescence peak does. No enhancement in correlation was observed by removing the suspended solids in samples using filtration. However, statistical multiple regression methods, using fluorescence intensity from each peaks and light scattering intensity at 633nm/633nm as variables, resulted in drastic enhancement in correlations with r^2 > 0.9 for measured and predicted COD values.

정지훈 Ji Hoon Jung , 이석헌 Seock Heon Lee

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 471-481, 2002

Removal of dissolved manganese by chlorine dioxide and membrane filtration was investigated. Dissolved manganese was oxidized rapidly into manganese dioxide particles by chlorine dioxide. The oxidized form was very stable for hours that gravitational separation is not feasible. The particle size distribution(PSD) was analyzed during settlement test. No noticeable chage in PSD was observed. MF filter was not effective to reject the colloidal particles of manganese dioxide formed by chlorine dioxide, However, polysulfone ultrafilter of 50K MWCO showed complete rejection of the colloidal manganese dioxide particles. Adsorption of dissolved manganese on pre-oxidized manganese dioxide particle was 6 - 7 mmole Mn(Ⅱ) per mole MnO_2(s). Enhanced removal by continuous oxidation and MF filtration was suggested by batch experiments.

이동호 Dong Ho Lee , 이웅 Woong Lee , 박규홍 Kyoo Hong Park , 이승학 Seung Hak Lee , 박준범 Jun Boum Park

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 483-492, 2002

Ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate discharged from non-point sources may flow into the groundwater and then result in the eutrophication of the receiving water. The objective of the present research was to test the performance of the natural zeolite and surfactant modified zeolite (SMZ) as barrier materials in order to remove cationic ammonium and anionic nitrate in groundwater by using permeable reactive barrier technique. In the initial 30 minutes, the adsorption of nitrate onto the SMZ was completed and the removal of nitrate using SMZ-Br was greater than that using SMZ-Cl. Simultaneous removal of ammoium and nitrate was possible when SMZ-Br was used. The Langmuir adsorption capacity of SMZ-Br to remove nitrate was 27 mmol/kg.

윤조희 Cho Hee Yoon , 정기홍 Gi Hong Jung , 김승현 Seung Hyun Kim , 하성룡 Sung Ryong Ha

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 493-499, 2002

This study was conducted to investigate treatability for toxic wastewater in biological treatment process using activated sludge. The sequencing batch reactor(SBR) processes with/without granular activated carbon(GAC) addition were employed for the purpose. And the wastewater was used phenolic compounds such as phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) which were recalcitrant and toxic chemicals. The variation of influent concentration was selected as operating parameters. The results obtained from this study are as follow; In adsorption test on GAC. K values of phenol and 2,4-DCP were 40.9, 146.4 and 1/n were 0.25 and 0.15 respectively. Stability of process was shown more in GAC-SBR than in SBR but microbial acclimation period for target materials took similarly about 85 days in both processes. Removal efficiencies for two compounds were about 100% under all operating condition after acclimation and MLSS concentration was gradually increasing due to granulation phenomena. In phenol and 2,4-DCP behavior for a cycle period, most of these compounds were simultaneously removed for the initial fill time under steady state. The effluent pH drop may be caused by release of hydrogen(H^+) and chloride(Cl^-) ions which resulted from biological decomposition of 2,4-DCP.

장현정 Hyun Jeong Jang , 이목영 Mok Young Lee , 최선영 Sun Young Choi , 이의광 Eu Kwang Lee , 오세종 Sea Jong Oh , 박수환 Soo Whan Park

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 501-508, 2002

The chromogenic enzyme substrate test(MMO-MUG) is a method based on technology that uses a hydrolyzable substrate as a specific indicator nutrient for the target microbes. This method is a simultaneously enumerate E. coli and total coliforms(TC) in drinking water without confirmatory test. Over a 6 months period(`99. 9.∼11. and `00. 6.∼8.), 2005 samples from drinking water distribution system were analyzed for TC, and E. coli by chromogenic enzyme substrate test(MMO-MUG), multiple tube fermentation(MTF) and membrane filtration(MF) method, using replicate 100mL sample volumes. The detection rate of TC by MMO-MUG, MTF and MF method were 1.4%, 1.4% and 1.1% respectively, The agreement ratio of MMO-MUG to MF and MMO-MUG to MTF were 99.3%(1991/2005) and 99.0%(1985/2005), respectively. The Overall agreement ratio was 98.6%. The comparison of the agreement ratios by nonparametric statistics demonstrated no significant difference. Species identifications from positive samples confirmed the sensitivity of the MMO-MUG(96%) So the MMO-MUG, MTF and MF used in this study, while not showing differences available in terms of overall consequence, made a few differences in terms of quickness, easiness and costs.

차기철 Gi Cheol Cha , 황명구 Myoung Goo Hwang , 정태영 Tae Young Jeong , 정형근 Hyung Keun Chung , 이영규 Young Kyu Rhee , 태민호 Min Ho Tae , 김동진 Dong Jin Kim

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 509-518, 2002

Lab scale MF/RO system was conducted to investigate the characteristics of permeability, liquid-solid separation, and accumulation-elimination of liquid fertilizer which produced from thermophilic aerobic oxidation(TAO) system. As a result of comparison of plate-sheet type with hollow fiber type MF membrane, the permeability of hollow fiber was higher (1.2∼6 times) than plate-sheet type. Tmax was decreased gradually which related to the total solid(TS) concentration in the raw liquid fertilizer. From the pure-flux test, it is observed that most of membrane fouling was recoverable, and the inital filtration resistance of plate-sheet type was lower than hollow fiber. Remarkable accumulation of compositions of liquid fertilizer by RO membrane was investigated, and compositions of fertilizer accumulated about 3-4 times as compared with original solution, Elimination rate of solute substance in the liquid indicated very stable, except the period at final operating due to the concentration poralization, Elimination rate was proportional to the increase of the trans-membrane pressure(TMP) in the RO reactor.

임제현 Je Hyun Yim , 김충곤 Choong Gon Kim , 강선홍 Seon Hong Kang

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 519-526, 2002

This study was performed to overcome disadvantages of anaerobic and aerobic digestion processes for treating swine waste by combining them. Also a reactor for precipitating struvite crystal was installed to maximize removal efficiency of phosphorus and nitrogen. ASBR(Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor), be resistant to the organic shock load, was installed ahead of SBR(Sequencing Batch Reactor) to treat swine wastewater containing high concentration of organics. To examine the positioning effect of each process on removal efficiency, two systems (Run Ⅰ : ASBR - Struvite Tank - SBR, Run Ⅱ: Struvite Tank - ASBR - SBR) were operated. It was concluded that struvite tank improved removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in both systems. Also organics, nitrogen and phosphorus loads were reduced in the struvite tank. In the respect of the nitrogen and phosphorus removal, combination of anaerobic and aerobic digestions greatly improved the efficiency compared to each process. Difference by position change of the struvite tank was not clearly observed.

홍성희 Sung Hee Hong , 한개희 Gae Hee Han , 이찬형 Chan Hyung Lee , 이순화 Shun Hwa Lee

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 527-534, 2002

Phthalate esters in the Nakdong river and the Kumho river was measured using GC/MS-SIM. Sample was treated by SPE method. The concentrations of phthalate esters in the midstream of Nakdong river was measured in the range of N.D∼10.28 ㎍/ℓ. The detection frequency was DBP>DEHP>DEP>BBP and it was higher than studies of MOE and Japan. The concentrations of phthalate esters in the Kumho river and the Nakdong river were higher than those of other river in Korea. There was high correlation between the concentration of DBP, DEHP and precipitation in the Kumho river. DBP, DEHP, DEP and BBP were recoverable above 80 % in SPE method. SPE method showed a good precision and accuracy of phthalate esters with simple operation.

이현동 Hyun Dong Lee , 배철호 Chul Ho Bae , 박정훈 Jeong Hoon Park , 홍성호 Seong Ho Hong

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 535-544, 2002

Service Water Pipes (Galvanized Steel Pipe) were assessed by the direct diagnosis according to major water basins, period of water supply, and diameter.(A) Tubercle growth rate and rate of hydraulic cross sectional capacity reduction calculated on the basis of visual assessment showed that there was no prominent difference in major water basins, but tubercle growth rate and rate of hydraulic cross sectional capacity reduction in comparison of period of water supply, the period of water supply more increased, on the contrary, their rates were tend to be more decreased. And their rates were tended to be higher over 40A of diameter. In physical properties analysis, sampled GSPs of 90% were not appropriate to KS Standard of elongation. But most of sampled GSPs were appropriate to KS Standard of tensile intensity. All of sampled GSPs also were appropriate to KS Standard of chemical composition (P, S). Therefore it was thought that elongation was much more effected by deterioration of pipe in physical properties and chemical composition of sampled GSPs. Results of scale composition analysis of sampled GSPs showed that the content of Fe was form 54.3% to 69.8%. Zn was from 0.09% to 6.34%. In comparison of corrosion rates on major water basins, maximum corrosion rate of NRB (0.064 mmpy) was higher than that of other basins. But the results showed that corrosion rates of sampled GSPs were similar according to period of water supply. And the diameters of sampled GSPs were more increased corrosion rates also were more increased.

전병희 Byong Hee Jun , 김도환 Do Hwan Kim , 최은희 Eun Hee Choi , 김성신 Sung Shin Kim , 김창원 Chang Won Kim , 배현 Hyeon Bae

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 545-551, 2002

A pilot scale SBR (working volume, 20㎥) treating piggery wastewater was operated with real wastewater. The operation mode of intermittent feeding of raw water and sub-cycle with repeating anoxic-aeration conditions were adapted to avoid the high-strength nitrogen inhibition. In sub-cycle, aeration time for nitrification was tried to be controled with ORP and/or DO meter. The characteristics of control was somewhat different between ORP and DO. DO showed potential ability to detect complete ammonia oxidation point by the first order differential values or absolute value. Especially, DO was proved to be useful for high loading rates. ORP indicated the ending point of nitrification by the plateau appearing after bending point. Because ORP can be utilized as a diagnosis tool by its good sensitivity for the microbial condition in reactor, the simultaneous application of DO and ORP was recommended for the stable control of SBR.

이현동 Hyun Dong Lee , 박정훈 Jeong Hoon Park , 배철호 Chul Ho Bae

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 553-562, 2002

Phosphate-Based Inhibitor, Silicate-Based Inhibitor, and Magnetic and Ionic Treatment Apparatus were used to evaluate their effects on cleaning and anti-corrosion for old water service pipe (Galvanized Steel Pipe, GSP) in Simulated Continuous Flow System (SCFS) during 25weeks. In aspects of water quality, the average concentration of Fe and Zn in their effluents tended to be increased, The average concentration of Fe in their effluents was increased from 0.137 mg/L to 0.482 mg/L compared with the initial average concentration of Fe (0.052 mg/L), and the average concentration of Zn in their effluents was also increased from 0.208 mg/L to 1.282 mg/L compared with the initial average concentration of Zn (0.048 mg/L). And the hydraulic cross sectional capacities of 28 test pieces (old GSPs) also were more increased than those of the initial. The hydraulic cross sectional capacities of old GSPs were more increased from 4.38% to 9.36% by Phosphate-Based Inhibitor, from 3.91% to 11.29% by Silicate-Based Inhibitor, from 1.38% to 16.75% by Magnetic Treatment Apparatus, and from 4.70% to 10.06% by Ionic Treatment Apparatus, respectively, Therefore the results showed that it would take Phosphate- and Silicate-Based Inhibitors form 487 days to 504 days to reach the hydraulic cross sectional capacity of 100% for old GSP of hydraulic cross sectional capacity, 80%. In case of Magnetic Treatment Apparatus and Ionic Treatment Apparatus, it would be required 663 days and 448 days, respectively. And the results of scale composition analysis showed that the contents of phosphate and silicate was increased by using Phosphate- and Silicate-Based inhibitors, the reason was likely that insoluble non-active film was formed by them.

이원근 Won Kwon Lee , 신응배 Eun Bai Shin , 박대원 Dae Won Pak , 손성섭 Seong Seop Son , 이상봉 Sang Bong Lee

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 563-568, 2002

These days many mills began to reduce the amount of water consumption by reusing treated water, which resulted in sharp elevation of organics level in their white water. In addition to the increase of organics, calcium hardness also increases since recycled paper is used as raw material in liner paper industry. Detrimental effects which high level of organics and calcium hardness may cause in paper industry were well reported. In this paper new process using UASB+CO_2 Stripping unit was suggested to remove both organics and calcium hardness from wastewater of liner paper industry, Furthermore effects of treated process water on paper quality were also elucidated using paper sheet former. As results, the removal efficiency of COD was maintained more than 70 % till COD loading was up to 18 kg COD/㎥d, methane gas production rate increased in proportion to COD loading and its ratio was estimated about 0.15 ∼ 0.25 g CH_4/g COD removed. CO_2 Stripping unit was not influenced greatly in HRT`s change, and removed calcium hardness effectively without additional chemical reagents like as sodium hydroxide. Since treated water by UASB+CO_2 stripping unit contains less VFA and calcium ions, paper sheet formed in treated water showed fairly good improvement in the aspects of mechanical property and mill operation.

학회소식

DOI: Vol.18(No.5) 569-570, 2002

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